Empirical contributions to the development of structures. Design of bridges during the nineteenth century

Abstract

This paper deals with the theory that the development of structures from XIX century is based on a double analytical and experimental side. Despite the difficulty to draw a clear line defining the achievements reached by these two ways, it could be stated that studies dealing with empirical contributions to the development of structures are more limited. In this sense, this research presents an approach to the development of structures along the XIX century, addressing thus some key issues such as the introduction of cast iron as the new structural material, the origin and early development of new types of suspension and tubular bridges, or the challenge to design infrastructures suitable for rail traffic. Examples in any case of how empirical research and experimentation could represent a crucial influence on the development of structures, at a time in which obtaining specific solutions from theoretical knowledge was not viable.