Influence of physical fatigue on visual variables and skills in athletes and non-athletes

Authors

  • Raquel Francisco Mompeán Facultad de Óptica y Optometría. Universidad Complutense de Madrid
  • Jessica Karen Baptista Cabezas Facultad de Óptica y Optometría. Universidad Complutense de Madrid
  • Ricardo Bernárdez Vilaboa Facultad de Óptica y Optometría. Universidad Complutense de Madrid

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.64197/Kronos.24.1.1001

Keywords:

dynamic visual acuity, binovi panel, blazepod lights, accommodative facility

Abstract

The objective is to contrast the possible effects of visual fatigue on visual skills on athletes and non-athletes. Visual data have been collected from a population between 18 and 44 years of age before and after exercise. The measurements have been taken with Visiotest, Rotary disc for AVD taking, Blazepod reaction lights, Binovi reaction panel, ±2D flipper, Thoringthon test. A total of 34 subjects were selected, of which 17 were athletes and another 17 were non-athletes. After all the tests, the results were statistically studied with non-parametric tests. The results obtained reflected the evolution of the measurements throughout the phases of both groups, with which comparative tables between phases and subjects have been made.
The results have led us to the conclusion that physical exercise causes visual wear in aspects such as FL, causing a positive increase in values in athletes. However, it generates improvements in ADL and reaction speed, which are significantly greater in non-athlete subjects.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ando, S. (2013). Peripheral visual perception during exercise: why we cannot see. Exerc Sport Sci Rev, 41(2), 87-92. https://doi.org/10.1097/JES.0b013e318259ad37

Bard, C., & Fleury, M. (1978). Influence of imposed metabolic fatigue on visual capacity components. Percept Mot Skills, 47(3 Pt 2), 1283-1287. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1978.47.3f.1283

Baroud, M., Jan, H., Hernandez, M., Boutinon, S., Jolly, A., Sheynikhovich, D., & Bernardin, D. (2025). Presbyopia onset affects dynamic visual acuity via motor adaptation in naturalistic viewing conditions. medRxiv, 2025.2004.2004.25325235. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.04.04.25325235

Belicard, P., & Leonhardt-Jambon, C. (1978). [The Visiotest. Summary detection of visual anomalies (author's transl)]. J Fr Ophtalmol, 1(3), 217-219. (Original work published Le Visiotest. Dépistage sommaire des défauts visuels.)

Coetzee, D., & de Waal, E. (2022). An Exploratory Investigation of the Effect of a Sports Vision Program on Grade 4 and 5 Female Netball Players' Visual Skills. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 19(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169864

Daub, B. D., McLean, B. D., Heishman, A. D., Peak, K. M., & Coutts, A. J. (2023). Impacts of mental fatigue and sport specific film sessions on basketball shooting tasks. Eur J Sport Sci, 23(8), 1500-1508. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2022.2161421

de Oliveira, D. C., Zuardi, A. W., Graeff, F. G., Queiroz, R. H., & Crippa, J. A. (2012). Anxiolytic-like effect of oxytocin in the simulated public speaking test. J Psychopharmacol, 26(4), 497-504. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881111400642

Jorge, J., Cymbron, F., da Silva, P. H., & Almeida Couto, P. (2024). Comparative analysis of visual and cognitive performance in esports athletes and soccer players. Clin Exp Optom, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2024.2430637

Klostermann, A., Vater, C., Kredel, R., & Hossner, E. J. (2015). Perceptual Training in Beach Volleyball Defence: Different Effects of Gaze-Path Cueing on Gaze and Decision-Making. Front Psychol, 6, 1834. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01834

Marini, D., Calastri, J., Maddii, S., Tosi, G. M., & Fruschelli, M. (2025). Effects of physical exercise on phoria: a pilot study. Strabismus, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/09273972.2025.2457359

Mon-López, D., Bernardez-Vilaboa, R., Fernandez-Balbuena, A. A., & Sillero-Quintana, M. (2020). The Influence of COVID-19 Isolation on Physical Activity Habits and Its Relationship with Convergence Insufficiency. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207406

18

Francisco Mompeán, R., Baptista Cabezas, J., Bernárdez Vilaboa, R. (2025).

Influencia de la fatiga física en variables y habilidades visuales en deportistas y no deportistas. Kronos 24(1).

Mon-López, D., Bernardez-Vilaboa, R., Sillero-Quintana, M., & Alvarez Fernandez-Balbuena, A. (2022). Air shooting competition effects on visual skills depending on the sport level. Eur J Sport Sci, 22(3), 336-343. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2021.1874540

Polikanova, I. S., Sabaev, D. D., Bulaeva, N. I., Panfilova, E. A., Leonov, S. V., Bugriy, G. S.,…Kruchinina, A. P. (2024). Analysis of Eye and Head Tracking Movements During a Puck-Hitting Task in Ice Hockey Players, Compared to Wrestlers and Controls. Psychol Russ, 17(3), 64-81. https://doi.org/10.11621/pir.2024.0305

Poltavski, D., & Biberdorf, D. (2015). The role of visual perception measures used in sports vision programmes in predicting actual game performance in Division I collegiate hockey players. J Sports Sci, 33(6), 597-608. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.951952

Reddy, A. V. C., Mani, R., Selvakumar, A., & Hussaindeen, J. R. (2020). Reading eye movements in traumatic brain injury. J Optom, 13(3), 155-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optom.2019.10.001

Scheiman, M., & Wick, B. (2020). Clinical management of binocular vision : heterophoric, accommodative, and eye movement disorders (Fifth edition. ed.). Wolters Kluwer.

Tokarz, D. A., Gruebbel, M. M., Willson, G. A., Hardisty, J. F., Pearse, G., & Cesta, M. F. (2022). Spontaneous Primary Pleural Mesothelioma in Fischer 344 (F344) and Other Rat Strains: A Retrospective Review. Toxicol Pathol, 50(2), 167-175. https://doi.org/10.1177/01926233211053631

Vaillancourt, D. E., & Christou, E. A. (2013). Slowed reaction time during exercise: what is the mechanism? Exerc Sport Sci Rev, 41(2), 75-76. https://doi.org/10.1097/JES.0b013e31828aade3

Yee, A., Thompson, B., Irving, E., & Dalton, K. (2021). Athletes Demonstrate Superior Dynamic Visual Acuity. Optom Vis Sci, 98(7), 777-782. https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000001734

Published

2025-07-28 — Updated on 2025-07-28

Versions

How to Cite

Francisco Mompeán, R., Baptista Cabezas, J. K., & Bernárdez Vilaboa, R. (2025). Influence of physical fatigue on visual variables and skills in athletes and non-athletes. KRONOS, 24(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.64197/Kronos.24.1.1001

Issue

Section

Artículos

Most read articles by the same author(s)