Análisis de la contribución energética en esfuerzos explosivos en jugadores de baloncesto
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64197/Kronos.1.25.1026Palabras clave:
baloncesto, sistemas energéticos, VO₂ , bioenergéticaResumen
El baloncesto es un deporte intermitente de alta intensidad que exige acciones explosivas de corta duración, las cuales dependen de la activación integrada de los sistemas energéticos anaeróbico aláctico, glucolítico y aeróbico. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la contribución relativa de los sistemas energéticos (ATP-CP, glucólisis anaeróbica y metabolismo aeróbico) en jugadores de baloncesto durante esfuerzos máximos de distinta duración. Se realizó un estudio experimental de diseño transversal y comparativo. Participaron 24 jugadores de baloncesto varones (26,5 ± 3,2 años; VO₂/kg: 55,0 ± 7,0 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹), distribuidos en tres grupos (n = 8) según la duración del esfuerzo máximo (7, 15 y 30 s) realizado en cicloergómetro. El consumo de oxígeno post-ejercicio fue analizado mediante un modelo biexponencial para estimar el EPOC (componentes rápido y lento), y se midió lactato capilar. La energía total se expresó en kilocalorías y se calculó la participación relativa de cada sistema energético. Los resultados mostraron predominio del sistema ATP-CP a los 7 s, una distribución más equilibrada a los 15 s y una mayor contribución glucolítica y aeróbica a los 30 s, evidenciando una transición progresiva entre sistemas. Estos hallazgos permiten optimizar la prescripción del entrenamiento intermitente y las estrategias de recuperación en el básquetbol en función de la duración del esfuerzo.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Mauricio Tauda
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